STAPP v. THE STATE., 249 Ga. 289, 290 S.E.2.d 439 (1982)

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Certiorari to the Court of Appeals of Georgia -- 160 Ga. App. 427., Judgment reversed with direction. All the Justices concur, except Jordan, C. J., who dissents.

Summary

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Certiorari to the Court of Appeals of Georgia -- 160 Ga. App. 427., Judgment reversed with direction. All the Justices concur, except Jordan, C. J., who dissents.

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Charles A. Mullinax, for appellant.

On Eddie Stapp's appeal from the entry of judgment on his plea of guilty to the charge of theft by taking and the 12-months' imprisonment sentence, the Court of Appeals affirmed, rejecting his contentions of denial of assistance of counsel and of his unknowing and involuntary entry of the guilty plea. 160 Ga. App. 427 (287 SE2d 234) (1981). We granted certiorari, and reverse on both grounds.

Under oath, the defendant revealed in the form that he could not afford to retain an attorney to defend him against the misdemeanor charge. To answer the first question on the form: "How much money do you receive at your present job?", the secretary asked, "What is your bring-home pay?" The "Guidelines for Local Indigent Defense Programs" approved by this court pursuant to Code Ch. 27-33, supra, stipulate that "Net income is intended to include only a client's take-home pay, which is the gross income earned by a client minus those deductions required by law and/or as a condition of employment." (Emphasis supplied.) 233 Ga. 473 (211 SE2d 764) (1975)." Andrews v. State, 237 Ga. 66 (1) (226 SE2d 597) (1976).

The evidence in this case does not meet this test. The trial court had before it a 19-year-old defendant who was semi-literate, having an eighth-grade education, but having repeated the last three grades. He had difficulty in reading, writing and understanding what he does read. He had never been arrested or charged with any other misdemeanor or felony. He was unfamiliar with the judicial system and had never had an occasion to talk with an attorney. He appeared in superior court pursuant to a subpoena to testify in another case. After testifying (wherein, without assistance of counsel, he admitted his culpability of the offense charged against him), he was approached by the state about disposing of his case. No friends, family, or counsel was present. He was never arraigned by the state. He was taken by the assistant district attorney to a room and questioned in the presence of two deputies. He was told that the state would recommend, and he could expect to receive, 12-months' probation and a fine if he entered a plea of guilty. He was told that "he could employ his own attorney or he could represent himself," but that the state's recommendation would be the same with or without an attorney. He was told that "in most instances of a misdemeanor . . . the recommendation of the state was followed by the court."

The trial court informed the district attorney on the record in the presence of the defendant that he would not accept the district attorney's recommendation of 12-months' probation and a $500 fine, and that if the defendant pleaded guilty, he would be sentenced to 12-months' confinement. The district attorney then asked Stapp, "Do you still want to enter your plea of guilty," to which Stapp replied that he did.

The majority of the Court of Appeals held that "Appellant's right to withdraw his plea was implicit in this question asked him by the district attorney." "The fact that here the guilty plea inquiries were addressed to the defendant by the district attorney instead of the trial court is not a ground for reversal." State v. Germany, 245 Ga. 326, 328 (265 SE2d 13) (1980). However, the majority opinion here recognized that "[i]t is better practice to specifically tell the accused that he has a right to withdraw his plea . . ." " 'What is at stake for an accused facing . . . imprisonment demands the utmost solicitude of which courts are capable in canvassing the matter with the accused to make sure he has a full understanding of what the plea connotes and of its consequence.' (Emphasis supplied.) Boykin v. Alabama, supra, pp. 243-244." Andrews v. State, 237 Ga. 66, supra, (1). In State v. Germany, 246 Ga. 455, 456 (1) (271 SE2d 851) (1980), we held that, "if the trial court intends to reject said plea agreement, the trial court shall, on the record, inform the defendant personally . . . (4) that the defendant may then withdraw his or her guilty plea as a matter of right." (Emphasis supplied.) The defendant testified that he did not know what an indictment, an accusation, a misdemeanor or a felony were; that he did not know that he had a right to a jury trial; that his decision to plead guilty was based on the state's recommendation of probation; and that he did not know that he had the right to withdraw his guilty plea.

We have already held that the defendant was denied benefit of counsel. "Prior to responding to such a charge, any defendant needs capable legal counsel in order to determine such vital questions as whether the indictment is properly drawn, whether the accused has capacity to commit crime, whether the evidence is sufficient to convict and, in the final analysis, whether the defendant should stand trial or appeal to the judge for a lighter sentence. It would be expecting too much of any defendant, alone, to answer for himself such questions as these." Fair v. Balkcom, 216 Ga. 721, 728 (119 SE2d 691) (1961).

Under the facts of the record here, we hold that the defendant -- unrepresented by counsel, unaware of the nature and consequences of the plea procedures and of his right to withdraw his guilty plea -- did not knowingly, intelligently and voluntarily enter his guilty plea. Accordingly, we reverse the judgment of conviction and sentence, and remand the case to the trial court with direction that the defendant be arraigned as though no plea had been entered, and a determination be made as to his present eligibility for court-appointed counsel.

John Strauss, District Attorney, for appellee.

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